什麼是羅丹

Rodin, (Fran?ois-)Auguste (René)

法國雕刻家。早年經濟上破產，又一再被修飾藝術派Ecole拒之門外，他只能靠製作裝飾用的石雕來維持生活。年過三十五歲，他纔在一次義大利之旅之後，擺脫學院派的桎梏，形成自己的風格。《青銅時代》（1878年展出）奠定了他作爲雕刻家的聲譽。這件作品表現出強烈的現實主義，以致有人控訴它是以活人爲模子的。1880年受委託開始爲裝飾藝術博物館製作青銅大門《地獄之門》，這件作品到他去世時也未能完成。但這件作品衆多形象中的兩個爲他後來最着名的作品《沈思者》（1880）和《吻》（1886）提供了基礎。他創作的肖像包括雨果和巴爾札克的浮雕。儘管這兩件作品和其他許多作品因打破常規，而引起爭論，但羅丹仍舊取得了輝煌的成就。在他的工場裏，他只需要完成模子，而將鑄銅和雕刻大理石的工作交由助手完成。除雕刻之外，他還繪製書籍插圖，銅版畫和大量素描，大多爲裸體女性。他使雕塑重新成爲一種個人表現藝術，也被認爲是最偉大的肖像畫家之一。

1840～1917年

Rodin, (Fran?ois-)Auguste (René)

French sculptor. Insolvent and repeatedly rejected by the école des Beaux-Arts, he earned his living by doing decorative stonework. Not until his late thirties, after a trip to Italy, did he develop a personal style free of academic restraints and establish his reputation as a sculptor with The Age of Bronze (exhibited 1878), whose realism was so great that he was accused of forming its mold on a living person. His Gates of Hell, a bronze door commissioned in 1880 for a proposed Musée des Arts Décoratifs, remained unfinished at his death, but two of its many figures were the bases of his most famous images, The Thinker (1880) and The Kiss (1886). His portraits include monumental figures of Victor Hugo and Honore de Balzac. Though these and many other works caused controversy for their unconventionality, he was successful enough that he could establish a workshop where he executed only molds, leaving the casting of bronze and the carving of marble to assistants. To his sculpture he added book illustrations, etchings, and numerous drawings, mostly of female nudes. He revitalized sculpture as an art of personal expression and has been considered one of its greatest portraitists.