什麼是凡爾賽宮

巴黎西南方巴洛克宮廷，主要建於路易十四世。凡爾賽宮自1682年至1789年是法國皇室住所和政府中心，有1,000名廷臣和4,000名侍從居住在這裏。原本爲狩獵居所，路易十三世和路易十四世予以擴建。勒沃、勒布倫和勒諾特爾於1660年代開始設計。奢華的建築體，每個細節都在彰顯法國的昌隆。凡爾賽爲宮殿的理想，遍佈到歐洲和美國。勒諾特爾設計了廣闊、優美、精緻有華麗噴泉的花園。勒沃去世後，芒薩爾承擔凡爾賽的擴建工程，建造了橘園、大特里阿農宮以及凡爾賽宮的南北翼。1761～1764年路易十五世又建造了小特里阿農宮。1837年路易－腓力修復宮廷並建造了博物館。

Versailles, Palace of

Baroque palace southwest of Paris built chiefly under Louis XIV. It was the principal residence of the French kings and the seat of government from 1682 to 1789, with some 1,000 courtiers and 4,000 attendants residing there. Originally a hunting lodge, it was enlarged by Louis XIII and Louis XIV. Louis Le Vau (1612-1670), with Charles Le Brun and Andre Le Notre, began work on the palace in the 1660s. A masterpiece of formal grandeur intended as the visible expression of the glory of France, Versailles became the palatial ideal throughout Europe and the Americas. Le N?tre's inventive arrangement of earth forms, plantings, and fountains created vistas, terraces, formal gardens, and wooded areas that celebrated the delights of both open and intimate space. After Le Vau's death, Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1646-1708) was commissioned to triple the size of the palace and built the northern and southern wings, the Orangerie, and the Grand Trianon. Later additions include the classically restrained Petit Trianon, built 1761-64 for Louis XV and Madame de Pompadour. The first scenes of the French Revolution were enacted at Versailles, which had become a symbol of royal extravagance. In 1837 Louis-Philippe restored the palace and turned it into a museum.