什麼是科克託

Cocteau, Jean

法國詩人、劇作家和電影導演。出身富裕家庭。十九歲時寫出第一部詩集《阿拉丁之燈》。早年信奉天主教，但不久就放棄宗教信仰。第一次世界大戰期間，應徵入伍，在比利時前線駕駛救護車，後來把一些見聞寫進小說《騙子托馬斯》（1923）。有段時期染上吸食鴉片的毒癮，但卻創作了一些重要作品，如劇作《奧爾菲》（1926）和小說《調皮搗蛋的孩子們》（1929）。其最偉大的劇作公認是《爆炸裝置》（1934）。第一部電影劇本是《詩人的血》（1930），1940年代重返電影界，原本只是當編劇，後來當上導演，拍制了膾炙人口的《美女與野獸》（1945）、《奧爾菲》（1949）和《奧爾菲遺言》（1960）。在音樂界，他與一羣名爲「六人團」的作曲家們來往密切。他還在其他方面與人合作，如提供芭蕾劇情給薩替（《滑稽表演》，1917）和米堯（《屋頂上的牛》，1920），替史特拉汶斯基（《伊底帕斯》，1927）和米堯（《人之聲》，1930）寫腳本。科克託也是個畫家，曾爲許多書籍作插畫，並是個設計師。他在聽到皮雅夫去世後幾個小時也跟着過世。

1889～1963年

Cocteau, Jean

French poet, playwright, and film director. He published his first collection of poems, La lampe d'Aladin, at 19. He converted to Catholicism early, but soon renounced religion. During World War I he was an ambulance driver on the Belgian front, the setting for the novel Thomas l'imposteur (1923). In the years when he was addicted to opium, he produced some of his most important works, including the play Orphée (1926) and the novel Les enfants terribles (1929). His greatest play is thought to be The Infernal Machine (1934). His first film was The Blood of a Poet (1930); he returned to filmmaking in the 1940s, first as a screenwriter and then as a director, and made such admired films as Beauty and the Beast (1945), Orphée (1949), and Le testament d'Orphée (1960). Musically, he was closely associated with the group of composers known as Les Six; among other collaborations, he provided ballet scenarios for E. Satie (Parade, 1917) and D. Milhaud (Le boeuf sur le toit, 1920) and wrote librettos for I. Stravinsky (Oedipus, 1927) and Milhaud (La voix humaine, 1930). Also an artist, he illustrated numerous books with his vivid drawings, and he worked as a designer as well. He died a few hours after hearing of the death of E. Piaf.