什么是拉辛

Racine, Jean(-Baptiste)

法国剧作家、法国古典悲剧大师。早年父母双亡，成为孤儿。在詹森派女修道院受的教育，但他不顾他的抚养环境而选择了戏剧。1664年他的第一部戏是莫里哀演出的。当拉辛把他的下一个剧本《亚历山大大帝》（1665）交给竞争对手剧院，并且诱奸了莫里哀的情妇和女主角後，他与莫里哀之间的友谊就终结了。那位女主角在拉辛的《安德罗玛克》（1667）中担任主角，该剧取得了成功，反映出他悲剧性的狂热爱情的主题。《讼棍》（1668）是他唯一的喜剧。接下来是两部伟大的悲剧《布里塔尼居斯》（1669）和《贝蕾尼斯》（1670）。这两部戏导致拉辛与高乃依绝交。高乃依原是老戏迷们的偶像，但声望正在下降。接着，拉辛又推出了《巴雅泽》（1672）。根据希腊神话悲剧写完他的杰作《菲德拉》（1677）後，他退出写作而成为路易十四的史官。他最後的两个剧本《爱丝苔尔》（1689）和《阿达莉》（1691）是奉国王的妻子曼特农侯爵夫人之命而写的。

1639～1699年

Racine, Jean(-Baptiste)

French playwright and master of French classical tragedy. Orphaned at an early age, he was educated in a Jansenist convent, and he chose drama in defiance of his upbringing. His first play was produced by Molière in 1664. Their friendship ended when Racine took his next play, Alexandre le grand (1665), to a competing theater and seduced Molière's mistress and leading actress. She starred in Racine's successful Andromaque (1667), which explored his theme of the tragic folly of passionate love. His only comedy, The Litigants (1668), was followed by his great tragedies Britannicus (1669) and Bérénice (1670)—which together led to a breach with Pierre Corneille, the declining idol of older playgoers—and Bajazet (1672). After writing his masterpiece, Phèdre (1677), a tragedy drawn from Greek mythology, he retired to become official historian to Louis XIV. His final plays, Esther (1689) and Athalie (1691), were commissioned by the king's wife, Mme. de Maintenon.