什麼是傑伊

Jay, John

美國法學家，爲美國最高法院的第一任首席法官。爲紐約市着名律師，原本贊同與英國和解協商，但是不久即堅決支持革命。1777年當選爲紐約州第一任首席法官。1778年當選爲大陸會議主席。他協助富蘭克林與英國磋商和平條約，之後擔任外交事務的祕書（1784～1790）。他認爲需要一個強大的中央政府，故促請修訂美國憲法。他以Publius的筆名與麥迪遜、漢彌爾頓一起在報紙上發表了「聯邦黨人」論文，以解釋憲法的重要。1789年被任命爲美國最高法院第一任首席法官後，他建立了司法判例，確立州政府應服從聯邦政府的判決。1794年赴英談判一項協調英美衆多商務糾紛的條約，即「傑伊條約」。此約避免了英美重啓戰爭，但被傑佛遜共和黨人斥爲太過親英。1795年辭去法官職務，但後來又當選爲紐約州長（1795～1801）。

1745～1829年

Jay, John

U.S. jurist, first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Born in New York City, he practiced law there. He initially favored reconciliation with Britain, but soon became a staunch supporter of independence. He was elected New York's first chief justice in 1777 and was chosen president of the Continental Congress. He helped Benjamin Franklin negotiate terms for a peace treaty with Britain and then served as secretary for foreign affairs (1784-90). Convinced of the need for a stronger centralized government, he urged ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Under the pseudonym Publius, he joined with James Madison and Alexander Hamilton to write essays for The Federalist explaining the Constitution's importance. In 1789 he was appointed the first chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, where he set legal precedent in affirming subordination of the states to the federal government. In 1794 he was sent to Britain to negotiate a treaty dealing with numerous commercial disputes. The Jay Treaty helped avert war, but Jeffersonian Republicans criticized it as too pro-British. Jay resigned from the court in 1795 and was elected governor of New York (1795-1801).