什麼是雪曼

Sherman, William Tecumseh

美國軍官。約翰.雪曼的哥哥。畢業於西點軍校，之後在佛羅里達和加利福尼亞服役。1853年脫離軍隊，進入銀行業。於南北戰爭爆發後再加入聯邦軍。曾參與布爾淵戰役，在塞羅任職於格蘭特手下期間晉升爲少將。和格蘭特將軍一起贏得維克斯堡戰役和查塔諾加戰役的勝利。作爲密西西比師的司令，他調集十萬大軍攻進喬治亞（1864）。在與約翰斯頓率領的同盟軍交戰後，攻下亞特蘭大，並放火燒燬該城。之後開始積極破壞性的「向海洋進軍」，以奪取塞芬拿。部隊所經之地成爲一片廢墟。1865年向北挺進，毀壞了同盟軍的鐵路和南、北卡羅來納的供應基地。4月26日接受約翰斯頓軍隊的投降。被晉升爲上將，並繼承格蘭特擔任軍隊司令（1869～1884）。由他提出的「戰爭即爲地獄」常被後人引用。是現代總體戰爭的主要設計者。

1820～1891年

Sherman, William Tecumseh

U.S. Army general. Born in Lancaster, Ohio, a brother of John Sherman, he graduated from West Point, served in Florida and California, then resigned in 1853 to pursue a banking career. He rejoined the Union army when the American Civil War broke out. He fought in the Battle of Bull Run, then served under Ulysses S. Grant at Shiloh and was promoted to major general. With Grant he helped win the Vicksburg Campaign and the Battle of Chattanooga. As commander of the division of the Mississippi, he assembled 100,000 troops for the invasion of Georgia (1864). After engagements with Confederate troops under Joseph Johnston, he captured and burned Atlanta and began his devastating March to the Sea to capture savannah, leaving a trail of near-total destruction. In 1865 he marched north, destroying Confederate railroads and sources of supply in North and South Carolina. He accepted the surrender of Johnston's army on April 26. Promoted to general, he succeeded Grant as commander of the army (1869-84). Often credited with the saying “War is hell,” he was a major architect of modern total war.