什麼是組織培養

一種生物學研究方法，將取自動物或植物體的小塊組織轉移到該組織能在其中繼續生存併發揮功能的人工環境中，而被培養的組織可爲單個細胞、一羣細胞或器官的一部分或整個器官。這種方法常用於研究正常和反常的細胞結構；生物化學、遺傳和生殖活動；代謝、功能和老化及康復過程；對物理、化學及生物作用（如藥品、病毒）的反應等。一個微小的組織樣體細胞能在生物原料製成的培養基（如血清和組織提取物）、合成化合物組成的培養基，或兩者混合而成的培養基上生長。培養基必須含有待研究細胞所必需的營養物質，酸礆值和溫度也必須適宜。培養的結果可用顯微鏡觀察，有時可透過部分處理（如着色）來提高特定觀察部位的亮度。一些病毒也會在組織培養中生長。組織培養技術在鑑定感染、缺陷、染色體異常、分類腦腫瘤，以及配製、測驗藥物和疫苗方面已發揮很大作用。

tissue culture

Biological research method in which tissue fragments (a cell, a population of cells, or all or part of an organ) are sustained in an artificial environment for examination and manipulation of cell behavior. It has been used to study normal and abnormal cell structure; biochemical, genetic, and reproductive activity; metabolism, functions, and aging and healing processes; and reactions to physical, chemical, and biological agents (e.g., drugs, viruses). A tiny sample of the tissue is spread on or in a culture medium of biological (e.g., blood serum or tissue extract), synthetic, or mixed origin having the appropriate nutrients, temperature, and pH for the cells being incubated. The results are observed with a microscope, sometimes after treatment (e.g., staining) to highlight particular features. Some viruses also grow in tissue cultures. Work with tissue cultures has helped identify infections, enzyme deficiencies, and chromosomal abnormalities; classify brain tumors; and formulate and test drugs and vaccines.