什麼是伊斯蘭民族組織

混合了伊斯蘭教和黑人國家主義等因素的非洲裔美國人的宗教運動。1931年由法爾德（W. D. Fard，1877年～1934?）發起，他自稱是生於麥加的穆斯林，並在底特律興建第一座清真寺。1934年法爾德神祕失蹤，其位由助手以利亞.穆罕默德繼任。他在芝加哥建立了第二座清真寺。他主張非洲人造道德和文化上優於白人，並命令黑人放棄基督教，認爲基督教是白種人奴役非白種人的主要策略。第二次世界大戰後伊斯蘭民族組織成長迅速，在1960年代初期因馬爾科姆.艾克斯的表現，該運動爲全國所矚目。領導權的紛爭導致馬爾科姆另組一派，1965年他被暗殺。1970年代以利亞.穆罕默德由其子瓦里茲.丁恩.穆罕默德（生於1933年）繼承其位，他將組織改名爲美國穆斯林傳教會。1985年他將組織解散，並敦促其成員加入正統伊斯蘭教。一個由法拉坎領導的支團，繼續該組織的原始名稱及創立時的主張。

Islam, Nation of

African-American religious movement that mingles elements of Islam and black nationalism. It was founded in 1931 by Wallace D. Fard (1877?-1934?), who claimed to have been born a Muslim in Mecca and who established its first mosque in Detroit. After Fard's mysterious disappearance in 1934, it was taken over by his assistant Elijah Muhammad, who founded a second temple in Chicago. He asserted the moral and cultural superiority of Africans over whites and urged American blacks to renounce Christianity as a tool of the oppressors. The Nation of Islam grew quickly after World War II, and in the early 1960s it achieved national prominence through the work of Malcolm X. Leadership disputes led to Malcolm's forming a separate organization and finally to his assassination in 1965. In the 1970s Elijah Muhammad was succeeded by his son, Wallace D. Muhammad (born 1933), who renamed the organization the American Muslim Mission. In 1985 he dissolved the Mission, urging its members to become orthodox Muslims. A splinter group headed by Louis Farrakhan retains the movement's original name and principles.