什麼是新政

美國總統羅斯福在1933～1939年間實施的調整經濟的內政綱領。新政這個詞出自1932年羅斯福在接受總統提名時的演說，他承諾「給美國人民一項新政」。新政的立法主要在1933年的頭三個月（羅斯福的「百日」）裏頒佈實施。建立了一些機構，諸如民政署和公共資源保護隊來緩解失業；國家復興署來複興工業生產；聯邦儲蓄保險公司和證券交易委員會來規範金融機構；農業調整署來支援農業生產；田納西河流域管理局來提供公用電力和控制洪水。立法的第二階段（1935～1936）常被稱爲第二次新政，建立全國勞工關係局、工程進度管理署和社會保障系統。有些立法被美國最高法院宣佈爲違憲，有些計畫沒有實現目標，但許多改革被後來的行政部門繼續下去，永久地改變了政府的角色。亦請參閱Public Works Administration。

New Deal

U.S. domestic program of Pres. Franklin Roosevelt to bring economic relief (1933-39). The term was taken from Roosevelt's speech accepting the 1932 presidential nomination, in which he promised “a new deal for the American people.” New Deal legislation was enacted mainly in the first three months of 1933 (Roosevelt's “hundred days”) and established such agencies as the Civil Works Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps to alleviate unemployment, the National Recovery Administration to revive industrial production, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. and the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate financial institutions, the Agricultural Adjustment Administration to support farm production, and the Tennessee Valley Authority to provide public power and flood control. A second period of legislation (1935-36), often called the second New Deal, established the National Labor Relations Board, the Works Progress Administration, and the social security system. Some legislation was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, and some programs did not accomplish their aims, but many reforms were continued by later administrations and permanently changed the role of government. See also Public Works Administration.