什麼是哥倫布

Columbus, Christopher

義大利語作Cristoforo Colombo

西班牙語作Cristóbal Colón

熱那亞航海家和探險家，他跨越大西洋的旅程打開了歐洲人到美洲探險、開發、殖民的道路。生於熱那亞（今義大利境內），他在一艘葡萄牙商船上展開海員生涯。1492年他獲得西班牙君主費迪南德五世和伊莎貝拉一世贊助，爲了抵達亞洲，嘗試向西航過被認定爲開闊海洋的地區。在他的首次航行中，1492年8月他與三艘船－－「聖瑪利亞號」、「尼娜號」、「平塔號」－－共同啓航，10月12日在巴哈馬羣島見到陸地。他沿着伊斯帕尼奧拉島北岸航行，而在1493年回到西班牙。第二次航行（1493～1496）至少有十七艘船同行，而創建了新大陸第一個歐洲城鎮伊莎貝拉（今多明尼加共和國境內）。這次航行也開啓了西班牙進一步傳播基督教福音的努力。在他的第三次航行中（1498～1500），他抵達南美洲和奧利諾科河三角洲。人們指控他管理不善，導致他被押解回西班牙。在他的第四次航行中（1502～1504），他回到南美洲，並沿着今宏都拉斯和巴拿馬海岸航行。他無法達到成爲貴族和賺大錢的目標。他的人格及成就長久以來備受爭議，但學者通常同意他是堅毅而英明的航海家。

1451～1506年

Columbus, Christopher

SpanishCristóbal ColónGenoese navigator and explorer whose transatlantic voyages opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas. Born in Genoa (now in Italy), he began his career as a young seaman in the Portuguese merchant marine. In 1492 he obtained the sponsorship of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I for an attempt to reach Asia by sailing westward over what was presumed to be open sea. On his first voyage, he set sail in August 1492 with three ships—the Santa María, the Ni?a, and the Pinta—and land was sighted in the Bahamas on October 12. He sailed along the northern coast of Hispaniola and returned to Spain in 1493. He made a second voyage (1493-96) with at least 17 ships, and founded La Isabela (in modern Dominican Republic), the first European town in the New World. This voyage also began Spain's effort to promote Christian evangelization. On his third voyage (1498-1500), he reached South America and the Orinoco River delta. Allegations of his poor administration led to his being returned to Spain in chains. On his fourth voyage (1502-4), he returned to South America and sailed along the coasts of modern Honduras and Panama. He was unable to attain his goals of nobility and great wealth. His character and achievements have long been debated, but scholars generally agree that he was an intrepid and brilliant navigator.