什麼是比比恩納家族

18世紀義大利建築師和舞臺設計師家族。他們的祖先是出生在比比恩納的藝術家喬凡尼.瑪麗亞.加利（1625～1665），其出生地名就成了該家族的姓。他的後裔以設計使人眼花撩亂的舞臺佈景，以及用複雜的透視手法實現寬廣的空間比例着稱。喬凡尼的兒子費爾迪南多.加利.比比恩納（1657～1743），研究繪畫與建築，爲帕爾瑪公爵工作。他在巴塞隆那和維也納設計了宮廷節日及歌劇佈景，也是曼圖亞皇家劇院的設計師。其弟弗朗切斯科.加利.比比恩納（1659～1739），是曼圖亞公爵的設計師，設計建造了維也納、南錫（法國）、維羅納和羅馬等地的劇院。費爾迪南多的兒子朱塞佩（1696～1757）是家族中最顯赫的一員，一直在維也納，成爲宏偉的宮廷慶祝活動和盛大典禮的主要組織者。他的舞臺佈景設計圖案分成三冊出版（1716、1723和1740～1744年）。1748年他設計了拜羅伊特劇院的內部裝修。他的兄弟亞歷山德羅和安東尼奧也都以建築師和設計師聞名。朱塞佩的兒子卡洛（1728～1787），是這個輝煌家族的最後一名，在歐洲各着名劇院工作。

Galli Bibiena family

18th-century Italian architects and theatrical designers. The family took its final name from the birthplace of its progenitor, the artist Giovanni Maria Galli (1625-1665). His descendants are noted for dazzling theatrical designs of spacious proportions achieved by intricate perspective. Giovanni's son Ferdinando Galli Bibiena (1657-1743) studied painting and architecture and worked for the duke of Parma. He designed scenery for court festivities and operas in Barcelona and Vienna, and was architect of the royal theater at Mantua. His brother Francesco (1659-1739) was the ducal architect at Mantua and built theaters in Vienna, Nancy (France), Verona, and Rome. Ferdinando's son Giuseppe (1696-1757), the most distinguished of the family, remained in Vienna to become chief organizer of splendid court functions. Engravings of his stage sets were published in three series (1716, 1723, 1740-44). He designed the interior of the theater at Bayreuth in 1748. His brothers Alessandro and Antonio were also architects and designers of note. His son Carlo (1728-1787), the last of the illustrious family, worked in theaters throughout Europe.