什麼是奧都邦

Audubon, John James，原名Fougère Rabin或Jean Rabin。

受洗名Jean-Jacques Fougère Audubon

美國鳥類學家、畫家和博物學家。以繪製北美洲鳥類圖而聞名。爲法國商人在海地所生下的私生子，後隨父親回到法國，在十八歲移居美國以前曾隨大衛（J.-L. David）學畫。移居美國後經由父親賓州不動產的資助首度展開針對鳥羣的實驗。在幾次經商失敗後，他集中精力在繪畫和研究鳥類，並從佛羅里達遷往加拿大拉布拉多（Labrador）。1827～1838年在倫敦出版了四卷本的《美洲鳥類圖譜》（Birds of America）。1831～1839年又出版五卷本的《鳥類生態史》（Ornithological Biography），而《北美胎生四足動物》（Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America，三卷；1842～1854）則是由其子完成的。評論家們多認爲奧都邦所畫的鳥姿有些想像成分（甚至是不可能的），細節也不準確，但是很少有人對那些畫是藝術精品持有異議，而他的研究也是新大陸生態之研究基礎。

1785～1851年

Audubon, John James

French-U.S. ornithologist, artist, and naturalist known for his drawings and paintings of North American birds. Born illegitimately to a French merchant in Haiti, he returned with his father to France, where he studied painting briefly with J.-L. David before moving to the U.S. at 18. From his father's Pennsylvania estate he made the first American bird-banding experiments. After failing in business ventures, he concentrated on drawing and studying birds, which took him from Florida to Labrador. His extraordinary four-volume Birds of America was published in London in 1827-38. He simultaneously published the extensive accompanying text Ornithological Biography (5 vols., 1831-39). His multivolume Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America (1842-54) was completed by his sons. Though his bird poses are sometimes unrealistic (the result of painting dead birds wired into position) and some details are inaccurate, few argue with the excellence of his illustrations as art, and his studies were fundamental to New World ornithology.