什麼是消費主義

爲了買方的權益旨在控制製造廠商、賣方和廣告商的產品、服務、做法和標準的活動或政策。這種控制章程可能是社會團體性的、法定的，或訂在某一行業所接受的自願遵守的典籍中，或訂在受消費者組織較爲間接影響而形成的守則中。爲保障消費者，政府常建立正式的管理機構（例如，美國的聯邦貿易委員會和食品和藥物管理署）。早期曾制定一些消費者保護法律管理食品和有害藥物的銷售。美國消費者保護運動始於1960年代、1970年代消費者衛士納德遊說制定汽車、玩具和許多家庭用品的安全標準的法律。另外還通過法律規定廣告商對其產品做真實的描述和防止銷售人員使用欺騙的銷售策略。消費主張由國際消費者聯盟（IOCU）在世界各地推動。

consumerism

Movement or policies aimed at regulating the products, services, methods, and standards of manufacturers, sellers, and advertisers in the interests of the buyer. Such regulation may be institutional, statutory, or embodied in a voluntary code accepted by a particular industry, or it may result more indirectly from the influence of consumer organizations. Governments often establish formal regulatory agencies to ensure consumer protection (in the U.S., e.g., the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration). Some of the earliest consumer-protection laws were created to prevent the sale of tainted food and harmful drugs. The U.S. consumer protection movement gained strength in the 1960s and '70s as consumer activists led by Ralph Nader lobbied for laws setting safety standards for automobiles, toys, and numerous household products. Consumer advocates have also won passage of laws obliging advertisers to represent their goods truthfully and preventing sales representatives from using deceptive sales tactics. Consumer advocacy is carried on worldwide by the International Organization of Consumers Unions (IOCU).