什麼是薩伏依王室

歐洲歷史上着名的王朝，1861～1946年統治義大利的宗室。其建立者爲擁有薩伏依、萊茵河以東及日內瓦湖南部地區的亨伯特一世（卒於1048?年）。中世紀時期，他的繼承人，包括阿瑪迪斯六世在內，將法國、義大利和瑞士交界的阿爾卑斯山西部併入了版圖。1416年該王室被提升爲神聖羅馬帝國的公爵，但此後直到16世紀晚期一直處於衰敗的狀態。雖然它在17世紀歸義大利統治，但該王室在維克托.阿瑪迪斯二世時代獲得了義大利東北部的領土並奪得了皇室的頭銜，先是西西里國王（1713），後改爲薩丁尼亞國王（1720）。薩伏依王室在復興運動時期很強盛，在國王維克托.伊曼紐爾一世和查理.阿爾貝特領導下對19世紀義大利統一作出了貢獻。它後來失去了其主導地位，其君王翁貝託一世和維克托.伊曼紐爾三世只是名義上的國王，1946年的選舉結束了薩伏依王室的統治。

Savoy, House of

Historic dynasty of Europe and the ruling house of Italy 1861-1946. Its founder was Umberto I the Whitehanded (died 1048?), who held the county of Savoy and areas east of the Rh?ne River and south of Lake Geneva. His medieval successors, including Amadeus VI, added territory in the western Alps where France, Italy, and Switzerland converge. In 1416 the house was raised to ducal status in the Holy Roman Empire, after which it declined until the late 16th century. Though under French domination in the 17th century, the house under Victor Amadeus II acquired territory in northeastern Italy and attained the royal title, first of the kingdom of Sicily (1713), which he exchanged for Sardinia (1720). The house was powerful in the Risorgimento, and under the kings Victor Emmanuel I and II and Charles Albert it contributed to the 19th-century unification of Italy. It then lost its prominence, and the monarchs Umberto I and Victor Emmanuel III served mainly as figureheads until the vote for a republic in 1946 ended Savoy rule.