什麼是柏克萊

Berkeley, George，亦稱柏克萊主教（Bishop Berkeley）。

愛爾蘭主教、哲學家和社會活動家。1713年以前主要在都柏林三一學院工作，1734～1752年擔任克倫區主教。以他的論點出名：對於物質的客體，存在就是被感知。他的宗教天職可能方便他勝任這個職位，因爲他聲稱即使人類對一個客體沒有感知，然而上帝能感知，因而在不被任何有限的存在所感知時，也能保證物理世界的繼續存在。他與洛克和休姆一起，是現代經驗主義的創始人。與洛克不同，他不相信在思維之外存在任何物質的東西，客體只是感覺資料的集合。他的作品包括《視覺新論》（1709）、《人類和知識原理》（1710）以及《希勒斯和斐洛諾斯三篇對話》（1713）。有一段時期他待在美國，在那裏鼓吹教育印第安人和黑人。加州大學柏克萊分校就是以他的名字命名的。

1685～1753年

Berkeley, George

Irish bishop, philosopher, and social activist. He worked principally at Trinity College, Dublin (to 1713), and as bishop of Cloyne (1734-52). He is best known for his contention that, for material objects, to be is to be perceived (“Esse est percipi”). His religious calling may have facilitated his qualifying his position by claiming that, even if no human perceives an object, God does, thereby ensuring the continued existence of the physical world when not perceived by any finite being. With John Locke and David Hume, he was one of the founders of modern empiricism. Unlike Locke, he did not believe that there exists any material substance external to the mind, but rather that objects exist only as collections of sense-data. His works include An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision (1709), Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710), and Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713). He spent part of his career in America, where he advocated educating Indians and blacks. Berkeley, Cal., is named for him.