什麼是室內給排水設施

爲輸送分配可飲用的潔淨水和排出污水而在房屋內部安裝的管道及裝置系統。與爲建築羣或一個城市設計的供水及下水道系統相比，室內給排水設施通常有明顯的不同。室內給排水設施體系的改進非常緩慢，從使用輸水道系統的羅馬時代一直到19世紀都幾乎沒有任何進步。最終，獨立的地下供水與下水道系統的發展消滅了開放性溝渠。現在的水管通常由鋼、銅、黃酮、塑膠或其他無毒性材料製成。一棟建築的廢物處理系統有兩個組成部分：排水系統和通風系統。排水部分由一系列管道組成，這些管道將多個設備排水口與主排水管相連，主排水管則與下水道系統相通。通風系統則由一端爲氣口（通常開口在屋檐上）的管道組成，管道另一端開口於排水系統內的多個孔洞。透過在系統內提供空氣的循環，通風系統可以保障室內衛生器具的水封處不致出現虹吸反應或倒灌的壓力。亦請參閱sewage system、water pollution、water-supply system。

plumbing

System of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution of potable water and the removal of waterborne wastes. Plumbing is usually distinguished from water and sewage systems, which serve a group of buildings or a city. Improvement in plumbing systems was very slow, with virtually no progress made from the time of the Roman system of aqueducts and lead pipes until the 19th century. Eventually the development of separate, underground water and sewage systems eliminated open sewage ditches. Present-day water pipes are usually made of steel, copper, brass, plastic, or other nontoxic material. A building's waste-disposal system has two parts: the drainage system and the venting system. The drainage portion comprises pipes leading from various fixture drains to the central main, which is connected to the sewage system. The venting system consists of pipes leading from an air inlet (usually on the roof) to various points within the drainage system; by providing the circulation of air within the system, it protects the trap seals of fixtures from siphonage and back pressure. See also sewage system, water pollution, water-supply system.