什麼是洛克斐勒

Rockefeller, John D(avison)

美國實業家、慈善家。1853年隨家遷往克利夫蘭。於1859年開設經營乾草、穀物、肉類及其它貨物的代辦所。1863年建立煉油廠，並使其很快成爲當地最大的煉油廠。1870年與人合辦俄亥俄標準石油公司和托拉斯。他通過收買競爭對手的全部產權，實現了對克利夫蘭（1872）乃至後來對全美煉油業（1882）的控制。發行公司股票，並在其他州設立分支機構，這些機構一律受董事會監管。在美國建立起第一家主要的信託公司。後因反托拉斯訴訟，而將信託公司該組爲控股公司。1890年代，開始將注意力轉向慈善事業，先後建立了芝加哥大學（1892），洛克斐勒醫學研究所（1901，後來的洛克斐勒大學）以及洛克斐勒基金會洛克斐勒基金會（1913）。生前捐款逾五億美元。其子洛克斐勒（1874～1960）以及其他子孫將他的慈善事業延續下去。

1839～1937年

Rockefeller, John D(avison)

U.S. industrialist and philanthropist. Born in Richford, N.Y., he moved with his family to Cleveland in 1853. In 1859 he established a commission business dealing in hay, grain, meats, and other goods. In 1863 he built an oil refinery that soon was the largest in the area. With a few associates he incorporated Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) in 1870. He bought out competitors to control the oil-refinery business in Cleveland (1872) and in the U.S. (1882). He placed the stock of the company and its affiliates in other states under control of a board of trustees, establishing the first major U.S. business trust company. As a result of antitrust proceedings, he later converted the trust into a holding company. In the 1890s he turned his attention to philanthropy. He founded the University of Chicago in 1892, the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (later Rockefeller Univ.) in 1901, and the Rockefeller Foundation in 1913. He donated over $500 million in his lifetime, and his philanthropy continued through donations by his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1874-1960), and other descendants.