什麼是葛路克

Gluck, Christoph Willibald

受封爲Ritter (Knight) von Gluck

德國歌劇作曲家。林務官之子，他離家到布拉格攻讀音樂。他四處旅行，爲不同的城市寫作歌劇，1750年定居於維也納，並在那裏度過餘生－－其中僅有一段時間住在巴黎（1773～1779）。1762年與歌劇腳本作者卡爾札比吉（1714～1795）合作，寫下他最着名的歌劇《奧菲歐與尤麗狄西》，其中他借用了法國歌劇的面貌，成就了簡化的歌劇風格，毅然與時興而僵化的義大利風格分道揚鑣。他的《阿爾西斯特》（1767）序文策畫出「革新歌劇」的樂劇原則。他出任皇帝的宮廷作曲家。1773年遷居巴黎，在那裏，先前他的學生瑪麗－安託瓦內特即將成爲皇后。在那裏，他的《伊菲革涅亞在奧裏德》（1774）、《阿爾米德》（1777）、《伊菲革涅亞在陶亞德》（1779）獲得好評。其他歌劇（總數超過四十出）包括《Paride ed Elena》（1770）和《Echo et Narcisse》（1779）。他寫過五部芭蕾，其中《唐璜》（1761）是他最早獲得成功的情節舞劇（ballets d'action）之一。

1714～1787年

Gluck, Christoph Willibald

German opera composer. Son of a forester, he ran away to study music in Prague. He traveled widely, writing operas for various cities, before settling in Vienna in 1750, where he would remain—except for an interlude in Paris (1773-79)—the rest of his life. In 1762, with the librettist Ranieri di Calzabigi (1714-1795), he wrote his famous opera Orfeo ed Euridice, in which he borrowed aspects of French opera to achieve a simplified dramatic style that decisively broke with the static and calcified Italian style. His preface to Alceste (1767) laid out the musico-dramatic principles of his “reform opera.” He became court composer to the emperor. In 1773 he moved to Paris, where his former pupil Marie-Antoinette was on the verge of becoming queen. There he won acclaim for Iphigénie en Aulide (1774), Armide (1777), and Iphigénie en Tauride (1779). His other operas (of more than 40 in all) include Paride ed Elena (1770) and Echo et Narcisse (1779). He wrote five ballets, of which Don Juan (1761) was one of the first successful ballets d'action.